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  5.     <title>UTas ePrints - Survival times of anomalous melt inclusions from element diffusion in olivine and chromite</title>
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  29. <meta content="The chemical composition of basaltic magma erupted at the Earth's surface is the end product of a complex series of processes, beginning with partial melting and melt extraction from a mantle source and ending with fractional crystallization and crustal assimilation at lower pressures. It has been proposed that studying inclusions of melt trapped in early crystallizing phenocrysts such as Mg-rich olivine and chromite may help petrologists to see beyond the later-stage processes and back to the origin of the partial melts in the mantle(1,2). Melt inclusion suites often span a much greater compositional range than associated erupted lavas, and a significant minority of inclusions carry distinct compositions that have been claimed to sample melts from earlier stages of melt production, preserving separate contributions from mantle heterogeneities(1-4). This hypothesis is underpinned by the assumption that melt inclusions, once trapped, remain chemically isolated from the external magma for all elements except those that are compatible in the host minerals(1,2). Here we show that the fluxes of rare-earth elements through olivine and chromite by lattice diffusion are sufficiently rapid at magmatic temperatures to reequilibrate completely the rare-earth-element patterns of trapped melt inclusions in times that are short compared to those estimated for the production and ascent of mantle-derived magma(5,6) or for magma residence in the crust(7). Phenocryst-hosted melt inclusions with anomalous trace-element signatures must therefore form shortly before magma eruption and cooling. We conclude that the assumption of chemical isolation of incompatible elements in olivine- and chromite-hosted melt inclusions(1,2) is not valid, and we call for re-evaluation of the popular interpretation that anomalous melt inclusions represent preserved samples of unmodified mantle melts." name="eprints.abstract" />
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  40. <meta content="1. Schiano, P. Primitive mantle magmas recorded as silicate melt inclusions in
  41. igneous minerals. Earth-Sci. Rev. 63, 121–144 (2003).
  42. 2. Sobolev, A. V. Melt inclusions in minerals as a source of principal petrological
  43. information. Petrology 4, 209–220 (1996).
  44. 3. Sobolev, A. V., Hofmann, A. W. &amp; Nikogosian, I. K. Recycled oceanic crust
  45. observed in ‘ghost plagioclase’ within the source of Mauna Loa lava. Nature 404,
  46. 986–990 (2000).
  47. 4. Ren, Z.-Y., Ingle, S., Takahashi, E., Hirano, N. &amp; Hirata, T. The chemical structure of
  48. the Hawaiian mantle plume. Nature 436, 837–840 (2005).
  49. 5. Condomines, M., Gauthier, P.-J. &amp; Sigmarsson, O. Timescales of magma chamber
  50. processes and dating of young volcanic rocks. Rev. Miner. Geochem. 52, 125–174
  51. (2003).
  52. 6. Faul, U. H. Melt retention and segregation beneath mid-ocean ridges. Nature 410,
  53. 920–923 (2001).
  54. 7. Reid, M. R. in Treatise on Geochemistry Vol. 3, The Crust (ed. Rudnick, R. L.) 167–193
  55. (Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 2003).
  56. 8. Qin, Z., Lu, F., Anderson, A. T. Jr., Diffusive reequilibration of melt and fluid
  57. inclusions. Am. Mineral. 77, 565–576 (1992).
  58. 9. Cottrell, E., Spiegelman, M. &amp; Langmuir, C. H. Consequences of diffusive
  59. reequilibration for the interpretation of melt inclusions. Geochem. Geophys.
  60. Geosyst. 3, 1026 (2002).
  61. 10. Witt-Eickschen, G.&amp; O’Neill, H. St C. The effect of temperature on the equilibrium
  62. distribution of trace elements between clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, olivine and
  63. spinel in upper mantle peridotite. Chem. Geol. 221, 65–101 (2005).
  64. 11. Le Roex, A. P., Dick, H. J. B., Gulen, L., Reid, A. M. &amp; Erlank, A. J. Local and regional
  65. heterogeneity in MORB from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between 54.5uS and 51uS:
  66. Evidence for geochemical enrichment. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 541–555
  67. (1987).
  68. 12. Kamenetsky, V. Methodology for the study of melt inclusions in Cr-spinel, and
  69. implications for parental melts of MORB from FAMOUS area. Earth Planet. Sci.
  70. Lett. 142, 479–486 (1996).
  71. 13. Kennedy, A. K., Lofgren, G. E. &amp; Wasserburg, G. J. An experimental study of trace
  72. element partitioning between olivine, orthopyroxene and melt in chondrules:
  73. Equilibrium values and kinetic effects. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 115, 177–195 (1993).
  74. 14. McKay, G. A. Crystal/liquid partitioning of REE in basaltic systems: Extreme
  75. fractionation of REE in olivine. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 50, 69–79 (1986).
  76. 15. Spandler, C. J., Mavrogenes, J. A. &amp; Arculus, R. J. The origin of chromitites in
  77. layered intrusions: Evidence from chromite-hosted melt inclusions from the
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  79. 16. Jurewicz, A. J. G. &amp; Watson, E. B. Cations in olivine, Part 2: Diffusion in olivine
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  81. Petrol. 99, 186–201 (1988).
  82. 17. Petry, C., Chakraborty, S. &amp; Palme, H. Experimental determination of Ni diffusion
  83. coefficients in olivine and their dependence on temperature, composition, oxygen
  84. fugacity, and crystallographic orientation. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 68,
  85. 4179–4188 (2004).
  86. 18. Stocker, R. L. &amp; Smyth, D. M. Effect of enstatite activity and oxygen partial
  87. pressure on the point-defect chemistry of olivine. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 16,
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  89. 19. Nakamura, A. &amp; Schmalzried, H. On the nonstoichiometry and point defects of
  90. olivine. Phys. Chem. Miner. 10, 27–37 (1983).
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  92. Mg interdiffusion in olivine. J. Geophys. Res. 110, doi:2004JB003292 (2005).
  93. 21. Cherniak, D. J. REE diffusion in feldspar. Chem. Geol. 193, 25–41 (2003).
  94. 22. Nielsen, R. L., Gallahan, W. E. &amp; Newberger, F. Experimentally determined
  95. mineral-melt partition coefficients for Sc, Y, REE for olivine, orthopyroxene,
  96. pigeonite, magnetite and ilmenite. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 110, 488–499 (1992).
  97. 23. Kelley, S. P. &amp; Wartho, J. A. Rapid kimberlite ascent and the significance of Ar-Ar
  98. ages in xenolith phlogopites. Science 289, 609–611 (2000).
  99. 24. Danyushevsky, L. V., Sokolov, S. &amp; Falloon, T. J. Melt inclusions in olivine
  100. phenocrysts: Using diffusive re-equilibration to determine the cooling history of a
  101. crystal, with implications for the origin of olivine-phyric volcanic rocks. J. Petrol.
  102. 43, 1651–1671 (2002).
  103. 25. Bedard, J. H. Oceanic crust as a reactive filter — synkinematic intrusion,
  104. hybridization and assimilation in an ophiolitic magma chamber, western
  105. Newfoundland. Geology 21, 77–80 (1993).
  106. 26. Coogan, L. A. Contaminating the lower crust in the Oman ophiolite. Geology 31,
  107. 1065–1068 (2003).
  108. 27. Costa, F. &amp; Dungan, M. Short time scales of magmatic assimilation from diffusion
  109. modelling of multiple elements in olivine. Geology 33, 837–840 (2005).
  110. 28. Danyushevsky, L. V., Leslie, R. A. J., Crawford, A. J.&amp;Durance, P. Melt inclusions in
  111. primitive olivine phenocrysts: The role of localized reaction processes in the origin
  112. of anomalous compositions. J. Petrol. 45, 2531–2553 (2004).
  113. 29. Yaxley, G. M., Kamenetsky, V. S., Kamenetsky, M., Norman, M. D. &amp; Francis, D.
  114. Origins of compositional heterogeneity in olivine-hosted melt inclusions from the
  115. Baffin Island picrites. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 148, 426–442 (2004).
  116. 30. Perugini, D., Petrelli, M. &amp; Poli, G. Diffusive fractionation of trace elements by
  117. chaotic mixing of magmas. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 243, 669–680 (2006).
  118. Supplementary Information is linked to the online version of the paper at
  119. www.nature.com/nature.
  120. Acknowledgements M. Shelley, A. Norris and D. Scott are thanked for their help
  121. with the laser ablation ICP-MS analyses, electron microprobe analyses, and
  122. experimental set-up, respectively. This work was supported by an Australian
  123. Research Council Discovery Grant (to H.StC.O’N.).
  124. Author Contributions C.S. prepared and performed the experiments, and
  125. H.StC.O’N. fitted the analytical data to obtain diffusion coefficients. C.S. and
  126. H.StC.O’N. conducted the microprobe and laser-ablation ICP MS analyses. V.K.
  127. characterized and supplied the sample of melt inclusion-bearing olivine
  128. phenocrysts. C.S. and H.StC.O’N. co-wrote the paper. All authors discussed the
  129. results and commented on the paper.
  130. Author Information Reprints and permissions information is available at
  131. www.nature.com/reprints. The authors declare no competing financial interests.
  132. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to C.S.
  133. (spandler@geo.unibe.ch) or H.StC.O’N. (hugh.oneill@anu.edu.au).
  134. Time (yr)
  135. Re-equilibration (%)
  136. Ce
  137. Ce
  138. Sm
  139. Lu
  140. Lu
  141. Dy
  142. Ascent and lower crustal residence of
  143. mantle-derived magma from U-series disequilibria
  144. Magma ascent
  145. from the
  146. mantle from
  147. geophysical
  148. constraints
  149. Crustal assimilation by
  150. ascending basalt
  151. 1 10 100 1,000 104 105
  152. 0
  153. 20
  154. 40
  155. 60
  156. 80
  157. 100
  158. Figure 3 | Modelled re-equilibration times for REEs between amelt inclusion
  159. in an olivine grain and an external melt at 1,3006C. Solid curves, a 50-mm
  160. melt inclusion in a 1-mmgrain; dashed curve for Lu, a 50-mmmelt inclusion in
  161. a 0.5-mmgrain; dashed curve for Ce, a 30-mmmelt inclusion in a 1-mmgrain.
  162. Re-equilibration was calculated from the equations of ref. 8 using a diffusion
  163. coefficient of 10214.9m2 s21 for all REEs and relevant REE olivine/melt
  164. partition coefficients (see Supplementary Fig. 2). Shown for comparison are
  165. timescales for basalt transfer fromthemantle fromU-series disequilibria5 and
  166. from geophysical constraints6, and residence of basalt and associated crystals
  167. in the lower crust7—all of which are longer than the time needed for reequilibration
  168. of REE in the melt inclusion. By contrast, timescales of
  169. assimilation of crustal material by ascending basalt are relatively short27.
  170. LETTERS NATURE| Vol 447| 17 May 2007
  171. 306" name="eprints.referencetext" />
  172. <meta content="Spandler, C. and O'Neill, H.St C. and Kamenetsky, V.S. (2007) Survival times of anomalous melt inclusions from element diffusion in olivine and chromite. Nature, 447 (7142). pp. 303-306. ISSN 1476-4687" name="eprints.citation" />
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  179. <meta content="260300 Geochemistry" name="DC.subject" />
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  181. <meta content="The chemical composition of basaltic magma erupted at the Earth's surface is the end product of a complex series of processes, beginning with partial melting and melt extraction from a mantle source and ending with fractional crystallization and crustal assimilation at lower pressures. It has been proposed that studying inclusions of melt trapped in early crystallizing phenocrysts such as Mg-rich olivine and chromite may help petrologists to see beyond the later-stage processes and back to the origin of the partial melts in the mantle(1,2). Melt inclusion suites often span a much greater compositional range than associated erupted lavas, and a significant minority of inclusions carry distinct compositions that have been claimed to sample melts from earlier stages of melt production, preserving separate contributions from mantle heterogeneities(1-4). This hypothesis is underpinned by the assumption that melt inclusions, once trapped, remain chemically isolated from the external magma for all elements except those that are compatible in the host minerals(1,2). Here we show that the fluxes of rare-earth elements through olivine and chromite by lattice diffusion are sufficiently rapid at magmatic temperatures to reequilibrate completely the rare-earth-element patterns of trapped melt inclusions in times that are short compared to those estimated for the production and ascent of mantle-derived magma(5,6) or for magma residence in the crust(7). Phenocryst-hosted melt inclusions with anomalous trace-element signatures must therefore form shortly before magma eruption and cooling. We conclude that the assumption of chemical isolation of incompatible elements in olivine- and chromite-hosted melt inclusions(1,2) is not valid, and we call for re-evaluation of the popular interpretation that anomalous melt inclusions represent preserved samples of unmodified mantle melts." name="DC.description" />
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  295.     <h1 class="ep_tm_pagetitle">Survival times of anomalous melt inclusions from element diffusion in olivine and chromite</h1>
  296.     <p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">Spandler, C.</span> and <span class="person_name">O'Neill, H.St C.</span> and <span class="person_name">Kamenetsky, V.S.</span> (2007) <xhtml:em>Survival times of anomalous melt inclusions from element diffusion in olivine and chromite.</xhtml:em> Nature, 447 (7142). pp. 303-306. ISSN 1476-4687</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2612/1/Nature-2007_MI.pdf"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2612/1/Nature-2007_MI.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF</span></a> - Full text restricted - Requires a PDF viewer<br />680Kb</td><td><form method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" action="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/request_doc"><input accept-charset="utf-8" value="3421" name="docid" type="hidden" /><div class=""><input value="Request a copy" name="_action_null" class="ep_form_action_button" onclick="return EPJS_button_pushed( '_action_null' )" type="submit" /> </div></form></td></tr></table><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block">Official URL: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature05759">http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature05759</a></p><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">The chemical composition of basaltic magma erupted at the Earth's surface is the end product of a complex series of processes, beginning with partial melting and melt extraction from a mantle source and ending with fractional crystallization and crustal assimilation at lower pressures. It has been proposed that studying inclusions of melt trapped in early crystallizing phenocrysts such as Mg-rich olivine and chromite may help petrologists to see beyond the later-stage processes and back to the origin of the partial melts in the mantle(1,2). Melt inclusion suites often span a much greater compositional range than associated erupted lavas, and a significant minority of inclusions carry distinct compositions that have been claimed to sample melts from earlier stages of melt production, preserving separate contributions from mantle heterogeneities(1-4). This hypothesis is underpinned by the assumption that melt inclusions, once trapped, remain chemically isolated from the external magma for all elements except those that are compatible in the host minerals(1,2). Here we show that the fluxes of rare-earth elements through olivine and chromite by lattice diffusion are sufficiently rapid at magmatic temperatures to reequilibrate completely the rare-earth-element patterns of trapped melt inclusions in times that are short compared to those estimated for the production and ascent of mantle-derived magma(5,6) or for magma residence in the crust(7). Phenocryst-hosted melt inclusions with anomalous trace-element signatures must therefore form shortly before magma eruption and cooling. We conclude that the assumption of chemical isolation of incompatible elements in olivine- and chromite-hosted melt inclusions(1,2) is not valid, and we call for re-evaluation of the popular interpretation that anomalous melt inclusions represent preserved samples of unmodified mantle melts.</p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block" border="0"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Article</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Keywords:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">orthopyroxene, volcanic-rocks, trace-elements, oceanic-crust, magma chamber, REE, reequilibration, fractionation, heterogeneity, assimilation, diffusion, experiment</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/260300.html">260000 Earth Sciences &gt; 260300 Geochemistry</a><br /><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/260100.html">260000 Earth Sciences &gt; 260100 Geology</a></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">2612</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">Prof Vadim Kamenetsky</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">03 Dec 2007 15:31</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">09 Jan 2008 02:30</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=2612;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&amp;eprintid=2612">item control page</a></p>
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